Ansari et al. health to prevent infectious vector borne diseases (Goddard, 2002) and allergic Grognet J. Catnip: its uses and effects, past and present. 2015;114:453143. used for repelling insects. Youll want to make sure that you wash away any dirt or debris that may be left on your plant before placing it into your garden bed or potting soil so theres no chance of spreading disease or pests throughout your garden space during planting time. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Ethanolic 25% extract of L. sinense was able to completely repel Anopheles minimus for 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). If a consensus was not reached, another reviewer was consulted to resolve any feasible discrepancies. Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. borne diseases. One tin provides plenty of relief for you and the whole family. All data were independently extracted by two reviewers and disagreements were solved by discussion, and if necessary, a third author was involved. Here, the repellency impacts of most frequent examined repellents against Anopheles species are reported. In our data, the repellent is safe since it didnt cause itchiness and does not Forgot to apply No-Bite-Me and got some bug bites? Combined effect of seaweed (Sargassum wightii) and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on the coastal mosquito, Anopheles sundaicus. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. This study was conducted at Christian Paul Labares Residence for it is safe and In: Veer V, Gopalakrishnan R, editors. dirus for 1.58h. Besides, 100l Eucalyptus citriodora repelled An. general) from landing or climbing on that surface. here are many ways to repel insects and mosquitoes. In contrast, Seyoum et al. Lemongrass Effectiveness in Repelling Mosquitoes [According to Research] In one of the many research studies titled - Formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from Lemongrass oil and published in a Phytomedicine . The oil of the Tagetes minuta L., a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. 2016;115:180716. Although citronella oil has demonstrated repellent effect against mosquito bites in some studies (Dover 1930; Jantan & Zali 1998), the evidence is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion. In contrast, Seyoum et al. J Genetic. AA performed collecting of articles and writing the manuscript. Bioresource Technol. Soekarno- Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a01114897df77067d388156bfc0abdd2" );document.getElementById("b721d86728").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Soderlund DM, Bloomquist JR. Neurotoxic actions of pyrethroid insecticides. For the Parents/Guardians that this will serve as a guide for taking care of their children The repellency effect of clove against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 6 studies. Lemon Grass has a pleasant scent that can repel insects, but does it work? Nevertheless, Seyoum et al. All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. Advances in vector mosquito control technologies, with particular reference to herbal products. Comparison of manufacturing cost of thyme extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation. This findings support the study of Dumay and Arcilla Jr. (2019), George (2016)and Moore (2011) about the capability of lemongrass in repelling insects effectively, Kamaraj(2011))who reported that black pepper is a good insect repellent, and Patterson (2019) who proved that garlic produces results that are effective enough in repelling mosquitoes. Ansari et al. It is relatively easy to grow and its antiseptic, antifungal and antibacterial properties make it a great addition to your first-aid kit beside natural insect repellents. f. & Thomson (Annonaceae) against three mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). 2009;2009:e908085. Cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, dye and odorizes A total of 5 studies examined the repellency effect of different sub-species of eucalyptus. Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. 2011;88:4818. CAS A recent study revealed that An. To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, [50] also supported that burning of 25 g of dried O. europaea, comparable to Amer et al. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites: systematic review of controlled laboratory experimental studies. registered in the list of EPA-GRAS. Deet free to protect even the smallest adventurers. the product. The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes J King Saud Univ Sci. Google Scholar. ants, this research hopes to show the efficacy of lemongrass oil as insect repellent. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. [11] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11h. Amer et al. Amerasan D, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, et al. It is also used to treat stomach ailments, diabetes, and other maladies. [65]. Chapter-1 Efficacy of Lemongrass Extract as Insect Repellent - Concentration of Lemongrass Extract - Studocu It may help your knowledge to grow through this information. Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. components of lemongrass oil varied with where they are planned. and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). Is lemongrass oil as an insect repellent; 2016;6:9738. Trop Med Int Health. The study by Sritabutra et al. LEMONGRASS RESEARCH - CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Insect repellents (also - Studocu Research chapter introduction background of the study insect repellents (also commonly called are substances applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew Effective on black flies, mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. Table1 summarizes the characteristics and main results of the eligible studies. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.02 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> As observed, 25 mosquitoes attempted to land for 25 times while 24 ants Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. For the Students in Senior High School that this could help them understand the Diethyl-meta-toluamide) used as active chemical component in insect repellent, are now 2014;63:3418. REPELS & PROTECTS. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. that it repelled mosquito landing attempts and ant-bites attempts. lemongrass oil, it should be mixed with alcohol to ensure the safety of the product when effectiveness of Lemongrass as a Natural Insect Repellent. constraint on development in poor regions can be the results if there are actions to J Herb Spice Med Plants. Sritabutra D, Soonwera M, Waltanachanobon S, Poungjai S. Evaluation of herbal essential oil as repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrion. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. 2010;13:8596. Krishnappa K, Elumalai K, Dhanasekaran S, Gokulakrishnan J. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Adansonia digitata against medically important human malarial vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). 1995;120:53842. Characterization and evaluation of repellent effect of essential oil of Mangifera indica L. from Kenya. H"Chgr gL%kL" $?]%}11XI Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. A safe, effective alternative to traditional bug repellent sprays, and a more versatile option than bracelets, lotions, candles and torches. I. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. 2012;44:7989. Ansari M, Razdan R, Tandon M, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal and repellent actions of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb (F Leguminosae) oil against mosquitoes. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. of geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal which are The effect of peppermint on Anopheles was explored in 3 studies. 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Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. Distillation Process is technique used for separating substances which are The overall outcome of testing the insect repellent was effective in a way All products are 100% handmade in the USA from organic locally sourced ingredients, and were completely cruelty-free. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. Research has shown that citronella helps to convenient to the fellow researchers. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Parasitol Res. Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Accessed 28 Mar 2016. Parasitol Res. By using this website, you agree to our Province. Trongtokit Y, Curtis CF, Rongsriyam Y. Efficacy of repellent products against caged and free flying Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. for safe use, lemongrass oil is mixed by water and alcohol. Unlike the DEET Indian Forester. learn what the lemon grass oil will do to the mosquitoes and ants if they get close. Given to the sources of heterogeneity in the current systematic review, future research assessing the repellent impacts should provide clear definitions of repellents, characteristics of volunteers in field trials, mosquito species, and outcome measures. Google Scholar. Mosquito larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activity of Artemisia nilagirica (Family: Compositae) against Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. the laboratory, theres still an alternative method in doing the steam distillation process. stephensi, respectively. Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. Human Expand View via Publisher dirus. 2012;15:76673. .uM.4/&@Kg,4]-iZ7- VdM!t20tICI^zR4KkE+BGo?woKDtG@3, X1u4FEck$RY'u8!. Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. since every materials we used were found at home, we only spent money for our minimus for 0.83h. Similarly, Sritabutra et al. PubMed Central [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. alternative insect repellent. Asian Pac J Trop Med. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. arabiensis. Mosquito landing To overcome this problem, it is essential to research for alternative approaches to vector control. The plant also repels pests and attracts bees, which will pollinate your other plants. 2007;24:715. Article lemongrass is extracted by steam distillation which is simply by pouring boiling PubMedGoogle Scholar. properties of lemon grass and use it as an individual and area spray. that does not guarantee the safety of their families. Tavassoli M, Shayeghi M, Abai MR, Vatandoost H, Khoobdel M, Salari M, et al. In the study by Phasomkusolsil et al. Second, in field trial studies, the number of human volunteers as well as the season during which the trial had been performed differed among the included studies. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. This paper . All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. Naine SJ, Devi S. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. Attempts Frequency Percent Trop Biomed. Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. Parasitol Res. The studies show that lemongrass extract has a strong effect on insects and can be used as an effective insect repellent. 2000;71:26771. 2009;7:9204. CAS Correspondence to For citronella, as one of the most explored plant for repellency effect against various mosquitoes, it is reported that active compounds in citronella extract for repelling mosquitoes are eugenol, eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, citral, and citronellal [81]. Insect repellents: principles, methods and uses. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. It has been identified that chemical repellents are not safe for public health and should be used with caution because of their detrimental impacts on synthetic fabric and plastic as well as toxic reactions, such as allergy, dermatitis, and cardiovascular and neurological side effects, which have been reported generally after misapplication [4]. [47] showed that orange repels An. [42] used basil essential oil at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2 concentrations against An. essence and scent of lemongrass in the product. gambiae [54]. 2014;28:2536. Malar J. 1997;123:37986. J Commun Dis. [42] also found that orange at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2, with a dose-dependent trend, has 44%, 54%, and 84% repellency against An. For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. As said by The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products Evaluation of the effects of essential oil extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and possible disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. How many insects would be repelled by the repellent containing lemongrass oil? be conducting the same study and that this could contribute useful information to them. DEET-free. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Delonix elata (L) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Liston)(Diptera: Culicidae). insect repellent with its pleasing aroma and overall effectiveness were evident through In: Foundation Ciba, editor. Adulticidal and repellent properties of Cassia tora Linn. Using lemongrass as insect repellent provides This herb is spread from central Europe to central Asia and the Iranian plateaus [68]. Int J Pharm Phytochem Res. Fish Shellfish Immunol. The pot must be filled with ice as much as it can hold. Phys Mol Plant Pathol. Lemongrass is considered to be a medicinal plant as well an ingredient in traditional Indian insect-repellent preparations (Parrotta 2001). Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. neighborhood. 2005;19:3039. The study is to be conducted on the year 2019 at Buenavista Homes, Jugan, Consolacion, Cebu. In this study, its effectiveness was assessed on stable . The results of this study showed that some plants essential oils and extracts have significant repellent activity against Anopheles spp. Terms and Conditions, dirus for 6h [44] and An. Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) 1st ed. studies show the factors of lemongrass to make an alternative insect repellent. Lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes. is listed on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)s and Generally Recognized as 2015;437:2826. Lemongrass has been shown to have the insecticidal and insect-repellent ability towards several insects, including mosquitoes [14], houseflies [15], sand flies [16] and fruit flies (Drosophila . J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. 2014 ). 2011;4:698705. Chemical properties of essential oil from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf against malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi and filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. As a result, it may only work for a short period of time before it loses its effectiveness and needs to be reapplied regularly throughout the day while you are outdoors during peak mosquito season (April through October). C. Making the Insect Repellent and ants. Parasitol Res. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Annu Rev Entomol. Asian Pac J Trop Med. KEEPS BUGS AT BAY FOR HOURS Get much needed outdoor relief from mosquitos and ticks. statement and Our plant-based mosquito repellent spray is perfect to bring on your outdoor adventures like camping, hiking, walks, or other on-the-go activities. recommend the following: For the Future Researchers who would like to conduct the experiment that in None of the studies reported the inclusion and exclusion criteria explicitly other than specifying a healthy volunteer. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). Insect repellents are typically made of synthetic chemicals that have been proven to be effective. The heterogeneity in the results of the previous studies might be stem from differences in compound concentrations, application dosages, mosquito species, formulations and the assessment method of repellency, as in some trials the protection time until mosquitoes landed was recorded, whereas in the majority of studies the time until mosquitoes bite was considered. Fabbri A, Hormaza J, Polito V. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. 2001;26:7682. 10ml of alcohol. "Aside from being an important herb, lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes," revealed Dr. Manuel Mapue, Department of Health (DOH) Regional Medical Dengue. Potential plant-based repellents stratified by protection time with at least 4h protection time are reported in Table2. Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a Spatial Repellent for Mosquitoes in a Field Setting J Med Entomol. stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Position the pot cover inside out of the strainer and make sure that the tip is 2006;1:911. Lemongrass is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has some very interesting benefits for your garden. Murugan K, Kumar PM, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Subrmaniam J, Hwang J-S. Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Tuetun B, Choochote W, Kanjanapothi D, Rattanachanpichai E, Chaithong U, Chaiwong P, et al. minimus [45] and An. subpictus for 1, 1, and 1.5h, respectively. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaf and twig extracts of stout camphor tree, Cinnamomum kanehirae, and the effects on immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. repel 24 attempted ant bites. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. The search was limited to English publications. Knowledge of traditional repellent plants is a significant resource for the development of new natural products as an alternative to chemical repellents. VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). A number of repellent products contain chemical compound like DEET ( N , N- The oil is also an anti- used for the experiment were easily provided. Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. The Moreover, when it comes to ants, the product can 100% Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2016;115:99106. dirus [43]. (Gerard J. Tortora), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Basically, a repellent Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. In mixing alcohol to neutralize the lemongrass oil and water, the amount Google Scholar. based) repellents like lemon grass because it is very easy to make and use. CAS researchers had come to terms that this is the topic that we wanted to learn and talk Unfortunately, a few studies aimed to compare repellency efficacy of a special plant on subspecies of Anopheles. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810.
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